Government past question

Government Past Questions
1 Power differs from influence in that it is
A. persuasive while influence is directive
B. coercive while influence is harmful
C. coercive while influence is persuasive
D. arrogant while influence is corruptive

2 The standing committee of a legislature is one

A. whose member stand while delibrating
B. that has statutory responsibities
C. that perform adhoc functions
D. that has legislators as members.

3 Where the constitution is supreme,unconstitutional acts of the executive and the the legislature can be checked by the courts through
A. recall
B. judicial review
C. vote of no confidence
D. impeachment.

4 The central decision-making organ of a confederation is made up of
A. technocrats appointed by the units
B. politicians elected from the confederal constituencies
C. politicians nominated by the government of member states
D. representatives of pressure groups.

5 Which of the following is true of a parliamentary system of government?
A. clear seperation of government organs.
B. strict operation of bicameral legislature.
C. removal of government by impeachment.
D. adherence to majority rule.

President Muhammadu Buhari and Kogi State governor, Yahaya Bello.

President Muhammadu Buhari and Kogi State governor, Yahaya Bello. Source: Twitter

John Ameh
President Muhammadu Buhari has said that Kogi State Governor , Mr Yahaya Bello , ran a good race in the November 16 governorship poll and won it well.
This was contained in his message of congratulations to Bello, who was declared the winner of the poll by the Independent National Electoral Commission.
“ The President describes the election and emergence of the All Progressives Congress candidate as ‘ a race well run and a victory well won . ’
“ He commends APC supporters for remaining steadfast and resolute even in the face of isolated incidents of violence” , a State House statement by his media aide , Mr Femi Adesina , on Monday said .
He also condoled with families who lost loved ones during the election .
“ All political actors and stakeholders must take deliberate steps to eschew electoral violence as a peaceful and orderly process are vital to our quest for enduring democracy” , the President said .
The statement added , “ He salutes officials of the Independent National Electoral Commission and security agencies for creditably discharging their responsibilities under difficult conditions.
“ President Buhari urges Governor Bello to see his renewed mandate as another opportunity to build on the foundations already laid towards improving the lives of the people of Kogi State .
“ He also enjoins the governor to imbibe the spirit of magnanimity in victory by extending a hand of partnership to opposition candidates, while urging those dissatisfied with the outcome of the election to approach the courts. ”

Yahaya Bello declared as the winner

Yahya Bello
Beats PDP candidate by 216 , 518 margin
PDP refuses to sign results
Olufemi Atoyebi & Gbenga Odogun , Lokoja
The Independent National Electoral Commission has officially declared the incumbent governor , Yahaya Bello, as the winner of last Saturday’ s governorship election in Kogi State .
Announcement of the result was put on hold on Sunday evening after results in 19 out of the 21 council areas were released by INEC.
The commission said they were still awaiting results from Lokoja and Ibaji council
areas. It also added that clarification on result from Dekina was needed .
However, with the results announced on Sunday , Bello of the All Progressives Congress was cruising to an easy win over the candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party, Musa Wada .
SEE ALSO: Kogi election : Victory, race well won , says Buhari
After announcing the remaining results of the poll at INEC office in Lokoja on Monday , Returning Officer , Prof. Ibrahim Umar, said Bello had a total of 406, 222 votes to defeat his closest rival , Wada , who polled 189, 704 votes.
Umar said , “ Bello Yahaya , having scored the highest number of votes , is hereby declared the winner and therefore returned . ”
But after the announcement , PDP agent refused to sign the results declared by INEC .
The party had, on Sunday , dissociated itself from the result, with Wada alleging irregularities and voter intimidation by “ APC thugs , ” and statewide violence during the conduct of the poll .

He described the figures announced by INEC as “ fictitious. ”

Governor , Yahaya Bello, has dedicated his victory in last Saturday ’ s governorship election to his mother and the entire people of the state.

Gbenga Odogun , Lokoja

Kogi State Governor , Yahaya Bello, has dedicated his victory in last Saturday ’ s governorship election to his mother and the entire people of the state.

The governor who spoke shortly after INEC officially announced him as duly returned after he beat his main rival , Musa Wada of the Peoples Democratic Party, also expressed gratitude to all those who made the victory possible for his party, the All Progressives Congress.
Governor Bello paid tribute to those who lost their lives saying that their killers would not be spared the wrath of the law of the land.
READ ALSO: INEC declares Bello winner of Kogi gov election
“ While we sympathise with those who lost their lives during the election , I assure you that everyone who had a hand in their killings will not be spared, they will be made to face the full wrath of the law of the land , ” he said .
Bello said that his mother played a vital role in his quest for the position and deserved to be so honoured.
The governor assured the people that he will never go back on his campaign promises adding that the victory will inspire him and his deputy , Edward Onoja , to do more in taking the state to the next level of development as promised during the electioneering campaign.

5 simple way of whitening your teeth

Simple and Natural Ways To Whiten Your Teeth At Home
opera.com
There are plenty of products to choose from when it comes to whitening your teeth, However, most whitening products use chemicals to bleach your teeth, which concerns many people.
If you want whiter teeth, but also want to avoid the chemicals, then this article lists 5 options that are both natural and safe.
What Causes Teeth to Look Yellow?
There are multiple factors that cause teeth to become dull and lose their bright, white sparkle.
Certain foods can stain your enamel, which is the outermost layer of your teeth. Additionally, plaque build-up on your teeth can cause them to look yellow.
This type of discoloration can usually be treated with regular cleaning and whitening remedies.
However, sometimes teeth look yellow because the hard enamel has eroded away, revealing the dentin underneath. Dentin is a naturally yellow, bony tissue that lies underneath the enamel.
Here are 5 simple ways you can naturally whiten your teeth:
1. Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a natural bleaching agent that also kills bacteria in your mouth, In fact, people have been using hydrogen peroxide for years to disinfect wounds because of its ability to kill bacteria.
Many commercial whitening products contain hydrogen peroxide, although at a much higher concentration than you will use.
Unfortunately, there aren't any studies to show the effects of rinsing or brushing with hydrogen peroxide alone, but several studies have analyzed commercial toothpastes containing peroxide.
A study found that a toothpaste containing baking soda and 1% hydrogen peroxide led to significantly whiter teeth.
However, there are some questions regarding the safety of hydrogen peroxide.
While heavily diluted concentrations appear safe, strong concentrations or overuse can cause gum irritation and tooth sensitivity.
One way to use hydrogen peroxide is as a mouthwash before you brush your teeth. Make sure you are using a 1.5% or 3% solution to avoid side effects. You can easily dilute this concentration to 1.5% by mixing equal parts peroxide and water.
Another way to use hydrogen peroxide is by mixing it with baking soda to make a toothpaste. Combine 2 teaspoons of hydrogen peroxide with 1 teaspoon of baking soda and gently brush your teeth with the mixture.
Limit the use of this homemade paste to a few times per week, as overuse can erode your tooth enamel.
You can buy hydrogen peroxide online or in a drug store.
Hydrogen peroxide is a natural bleaching agent and can kill bacteria in your mouth. You can use it as a mouthwash or mix it with baking soda to form a whitening toothpaste.
2. Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple cider vinegar has been used for centuries as a disinfectant and natural cleaning product.
Acetic acid, which is the main active ingredient in apple cider vinegar, effectively kills bacteria. The antibacterial property of vinegar is what makes it useful for cleaning your mouth and whitening your teeth.
One study performed on cow teeth found that apple cider vinegar does have a bleaching effect on teeth.
The acetic acid in vinegar has the potential to erode the enamel on your teeth. For this reason, you should not use apple cider vinegar every day. You should also limit the amount of time that apple cider vinegar is in contact with your teeth.
To use it as a mouthwash, dilute it with water and swish it around in your mouth for several minutes. Make sure to rinse your mouth with plain water afterwards.
You can buy apple cider vinegar in your local markets, pharmaceuticals or super markets.
Apple cider vinegar has antibacterial properties that may help whiten your teeth. However, overuse of vinegar can also erode the enamel on your teeth, so limit its use to a few times per week.
3. Baking Soda
Baking soda has natural whitening properties, which is why it's a popular ingredient in commercial toothpaste.
It's a mild abrasive that can help scrub away surface stains on teeth.
Additionally, baking soda creates an alkaline environment in your mouth, which prevents bacteria from growing. This is not a remedy that will whiten your teeth overnight, but you should notice a difference in the appearance of your teeth over time.
Science has not yet proven that brushing with plain baking soda will whiten your teeth, but several studies show that toothpaste with baking soda has a significant whitening effect.
One study found that toothpastes containing baking soda were significantly more effective at removing yellow stains from teeth than standard toothpastes without baking soda. The higher the concentration of baking soda, the greater the effect.
Also studies found that toothpastes containing baking soda removed plaque from teeth more effectively than non-baking soda toothpastes.
To use this remedy, mix 1 teaspoon of baking soda with 2 teaspoons of water and brush your teeth with the paste. You can do this a few times per week.
You can buy baking soda at a grocery store or purchase it online.
Brushing with a paste made with baking soda and water can reduce bacteria in your mouth and buff away surface stains.
4. Fruits and Vegetables
A diet high in fruits and vegetables may be good for both your body and your teeth.
While they're no substitute for brushing your teeth, crunchy, raw fruits and vegetables can help rub plaque away as you chew.
In particular, strawberries and pineapple are two fruits that have been claimed to help whiten your teeth.
Strawberries
Whitening your teeth with a strawberry and baking soda mixture is a natural remedy that has been made popular by celebrities.
Advocates of this method claim that the malic acid found in strawberries will remove discoloration on your teeth, while the baking soda will buff away stains.
However, this remedy has not been completely backed up by science.
While strawberries may help exfoliate your teeth and make them appear whiter, they are unlikely to penetrate the stains on your teeth.
A recent study found that a strawberry and baking soda mixture produced very little color change in teeth, compared to commercial whitening products. If you decide to give this method a try, limit its use to a few times per week.
To use this remedy, smash up a fresh strawberry, combine it with baking soda and brush the mixture on your teeth.
Pineapple
Some claim that pineapple can whiten teeth.
A study found that a toothpaste containing bromelain, an enzyme found in pineapples, was significantly more effective at removing tooth stains than a standard toothpaste.
However, there is no evidence that eating pineapples produces the same effect.
Certain fruits may have properties that help whiten teeth. Regularly consume raw fruits and vegetables to help rub off plaque and keep your teeth looking bright.
5. Activated Charcoal
Activated charcoal is a fine-grained black powder made from a variety of natural substances, such as slowly burned wood or coconut shells.
The powder becomes activated when oxidized under extreme heat. Activated charcoal is very porous and highly adsorbent. It also has a wide surface area.
Unlike absorbent substances, activated charcoal’s adsorbent nature allows it to bind to toxins and odors, rather than soaking (absorbing) them up.
However activated charcoal shouldn’t be confused with the regular charcoal you use for barbecuing.
You can purchase it as a powder or in capsules that you open. Mix with water to make a paste. You can also try sprinkling the charcoal onto your wet finger or toothbrush.
Keep in mind that this technique may be hard to finesse. Activated charcoal can also stain fabrics and countertops.
Precautions for using activated charcoal on teeth
It’s important to protect your teeth by using products that won’t wear down enamel. Since overuse of activated charcoal products can lead to teeth erosion, use them cautiously.
The ADA recommends choosing toothpastes with a relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) level of 250 or less. Try to choose activated charcoal toothpastes that meet that guideline.
If that isn’t possible, use the product only for a short period of time. You can also alternate it with a fluoride toothpaste.
To reduce abrasiveness, try using your fingers to rub activated charcoal on your teeth rather than applying it with a toothbrush.
Bonus - Brush and Floss
While some tooth discoloration comes naturally with age, it is largely a result of plaque build-up.
Regular brushing and flossing can help your teeth stay white by reducing bacteria in your mouth and preventing plaque build-up.
Toothpaste gently rubs out stains on your teeth, and flossing removes bacteria that lead to plaque.
Regular dental cleanings can also help your teeth stay clean and white.
Daily brushing and flossing, along with regular cleanings at the dentist’s office, prevent the build-up of yellowing plaque on your teeth.
Don't forget to always protect your beautiful smile.

List of illegal degree awarding universities

List of illegal degree awarding universities operating in Nigeria, by National Universities Commission (NUC).
MySchoolGist wishes to inform the general public, especially parents and prospective undergraduate students that the National Universities Commission (NUC) of Nigeria has released a list of illegal degree awarding Universities in Nigeria as follows:
See also: Top 100 Universities in Nigeria 2019 [Latest Edition] and List of Accredited/Approved Universities in Nigeria .
LIST OF ILLEGAL DEGREE AWARDING INSTITUTIONS (“DEGREE MILLS”) OPERATING IN NIGERIA.
1. University of Accountancy and Management Studies, operating anywhere in Nigeria
2. Christians of Charity American University of Science and Technology, Nkpor, Anambra State or any of its other campuses
3. University of Industry, Yaba, Lagos or any of its other campuses
4. University of Applied Sciences and Management, Port Novo, Republic of Benin or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
5. Blacksmith University, Akwa or any of its other campuses
6. Volta University College, HO, Volta Region, Ghana or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
7. Royal University, Izhia, PO BOX 800, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State or any of its other campuses
8. Atlanta University, Anyigba, Kogi state or any of its other campuses
9. United Christian University, Macotis campus, Imo State or any of its other campuses
10. United Nigeria University College, Okija Anambra State or any of its other campuses.
11. Samuel Ahmadu University, Makurdi, Benue State or any of its other campuses
12. UNESCO University, Ndoni, Rivers State or any of its other campuses
13. Saint Augustine’s University of Technology, Jos, Pleateu State or any of its other campuses
14. The International University, Missouri USA, Kano and Lagos studies centres or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
15. Collumbus University, UK, operating anywhere in Nigeria
16. Tiu International University, UK operating anywhere in Nigeria
17. Pebbles University, UK operating anywhere in Nigeria
18. London External Studies, UK, operating anywhere in Nigeria
19. Pilgrims University operating anywhere in Nigeria
20. Lobi Business School, Makurdi, Benue State or any of its campuses in Nigeria
21. West African Christian University operating anywhere in Nigeria
22. Bolta University College, Aba or any of its campuses in Nigeria
23. JBC Seminary Inc. (Wukari Jubilee University) Kaduna illegal campus
24. Western University, Esie Kwara State or any of its campuses in Nigeria
25. St. Andrews University College, Abuja or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
26. EC-Council USA, Ikeja Lagos Study Centre
27. Atlas University, Ikot Udoso Uko, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
28. Concept College/Universities (London) Ilorin or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
29. Halifax Gateway University, Ikeja or any of its campuses in Nigeria
30. Kingdom of Christ University, Abuja or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
31. Acada University, Akinlalu Oyo state or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
32. Filfom University, Mbaise, Imo State or any of its other campuses in Nigeria
33. Houdegbe North American University campuses in Nigeria
34. Atlantic Intercontinental University, Okija Anambra State
35. Open International University, Akure
36. Middle Belt University (North Central University) Otukpo
37. Lead Way University, Ugheli, Delta State
38. Metro University, Dutse/Bwari Abuja
39. Southend University, Ngwuro Egeru (Afam) Ndoki, Rivers State
40. Olympic University, Nsukka, Enugu State
41. Federal College of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Abuja
42. Temple University, Abuja
43. Irish University Business School, London, operating anywhere in Nigeria
44. National University of Technology, Lafia, Nasarawa State
45. University of Accountancy and Management Studies, Mowe, Lagos – Ibadan Expressway and its annex at 41, Ikorodu road, Lagos.
46. University of Education, Wenneba Ghana operating anywhere in Nigeria
47. Cape Coast University, Ghana operating in Nigeria
48. African University Cooperative Development (AUCD) Cotonou, Benin Republic operating anywhere in Nigeria
49. Pacific Western University, Denver Colorado, Oweri study centre
50. Evangel University of America and Chudick Management Academic, Lagos
51. Enugu State University of Science and Technology (Gboko campus)
52. Career Light Resources Centre, Jos
53. University of West Africa, Kwali Abuja, FCT
54. Coastal University, Iba Oku, Akwa Ibom State
55. Kaduna Business School, Kaduna
56. Royal University of Theology, Minna, Niger State
57. West African Union University, in collaboration with International Professional College of Administration, Science and Technology, Nigeria operating anywhere in Nigeria
58. Gospel Missionary Foundation (GMF), Theological University, 165 Isolo road, Cele bus stop, Egbe Ikotun, Lagos
In addition to the closure, the following Degree Mills are currently undergoing further investigations and/or ongoing court actions. The purpose of these actions is to prosecute the proprietors and recover illegal fees and charges on subscribers.
1. National University of Nigeria, Keffi, Nasarawa State
2. North Central University, Otukpo. Benue State
3. Christ Alive Christian Seminary and University, Enugu
4. Richmond Open University, Arochukwu, Abia State.
5. West Coast University, Umuahia.
6. Saint Clements University, Iyin Ekiti, Ekiti State
7. Volta University College, Aba, Abia State.
8. Illegal Satellite Campuses of Ambrose Alli University.
9. L.I.F.E Leadership University, Benin City, Edo State.
For the avoidance of doubt, anybody who patronises or obtains any certificate from any of these illegal institutions does so at his or her own risk. Certificates obtained from these sources will not be recognised for the purposes of NYSC, employment, and further studies.
The relevant Law enforcement agencies har e also been informed for their further necessary action.
* This list of illegal institutions is not exhaustive.
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Ksu jamb departmental cut off Mark

This is to inform the general public that the management of the Kogi State University, Anyigba, has released the minimum cut-off mark required for the 2019/2020 academic session admission exercise.
Kogi State University, located at Anyigba, is the state-owned University of Kogi, Nigeria. It was established in 1999 by Prince Abubakar Audu, the former governor of the state. At the time of its establishment, it was known as Kogi State University, It was named Prince Abubakar Audu University (PAAU) in 2002 and later renamed Kogi State University in 2003 (KSU). 98% of the courses offered in the university are accredited by the Nigeria University Commission (NUC).
SEE ALSO: Cut-off Marks for Other Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges .
KSU Cut-Off Mark.
Post UTME Cut-Off Mark:
AGRICULTURE
S/NO PROGRAMME CUT OFF MARK
1 Agriculture 40
2. Food Science and Technology 43
3. Fisheries and Aquaculture 40
4. Home Science 40
ARTS AND HUMANITIES
1 Arabic Language and Literature 40
2 Christian Religious Studies 40
3 English and Literary Studies 47
4 History and International Studies 45
5 Islamic Studies 40
6 Philosophy 40
7 Theatre Arts 43
EDUCATION
1 Education/Christian Religious Studies 40
2 Education/English Language 42
3 Education/Islamic Studies 40
4 Education/Biology 42
5 Education/Chemistry 40
6 Education/Mathematics 40
7 Education/Physics 40
8 Education/Economics 40
9 Education/Geography 40
10 Human Kinetics 40
11 Library and Information Science 47
12 Education/ Social Studies 40
LAW
1 Law
MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
1 Accounting 43
2 Banking and Finance 46
3 Business Administration 42
4 Public Administration 43
NATURAL SCIENCES
1 Animal and Environmental Biology 40
2 Biochemistry 51
3 Chemistry 44
4 Computer Science 45
5 Geology 44
6 Industrial Chemistry 65
7 Mathematics 40
8 Microbiology 53
9 Plant Sciences and Biotechnology 40
10 Physics 40
11 Statistics 40
SOCIAL SCIENCES
1 Economics 41
2 Geography and Planning 40
3 Mass Communication 51
4 Political Science 46
5 Sociology 50
JAMB Cut Off Mark:
Only candidates with UTME Score of
160 and above and with requisite minimum of Five (5) O’Level Credit Passes in the relevant subjects are eligible to attend KSU post UTME Screening Exercise.
Note to Mobile users : Scroll to the side to view all the contents in the table below:
AGRICULTURE
S/NO PROGRAMME CUT OFF MARK
1 Agriculture 160
2. Food Science and Technology 170
3. Fisheries and Aquaculture 160
4. Home Science 160
ARTS AND HUMANITIES
1 Arabic Language and Literature 160
2 Christian Religious Studies 160
3 English and Literary Studies 160
4 History and International Studies 160
5 Islamic Studies 160
6 Philosophy 160
7 Theatre Arts 160
EDUCATION
1 Education/Christian Religious Studies 160
2 Education/English Language 160
3 Education/Islamic Studies 160
4 Education/Biology 160
5 Education/Chemistry 160
6 Education/Mathematics 160
7 Education/Physics 160
8 Education/Economics 160
9 Education/Geography 160
10 Human Kinetics 160
11 Library and Information Science 160
12 Education/ Social Studies 160
LAW
1 Law 230
MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
1 Accounting 174
2 Banking and Finance 160
3 Business Administration 174
4 Public Administration 166
NATURAL SCIENCES
1 Animal and Environmental Biology 160
2 Biochemistry 180
3 Chemistry 160
4 Computer Science 185
5 Geology 160
6 Industrial Chemistry 165
7 Mathematics 160
8 Microbiology 189
9 Plant Sciences and Biotechnology 160
10 Physics 160
11 Statistics 160
SOCIAL SCIENCES
1 Economics 160
2 Geography and Planning 160
3 Mass Communication 192
4 Political Science 170
5 Sociology 160
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Candidates who did not meet up with the requirements of the courses they applied for are advised to effect change of course on www.jamb.org.ng as appropriate. (JAMB course combination for every course must be put into consideration)
Candidates are strongly advised to upload their O’level results on JAMB portal
Candidates are to note that a date for the sales of KSU Post UTME Screening forms will be announced and published on kogistateuniversity.edu.ng with the mode of payment duly outlined.
In case of any enquiry/assistance where necessary, candidates are to send their emails to academic@ksu.edu.ng (Ensure to quote your JAMB Reg. No. in all mails)
Candidates must have valid phone numbers and E-mail address before starting the application procedure.
Recommended:
KSU Post UTME Form .
Post UTME Past Questions and Answers .
MSG Team.
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